Immunoprofiling reveals cell subsets associated with the trajectory of cytomegalovirus reactivation post stem cell transplantation

Lauren Stern, Helen M. McGuire, Selmir Avdic, Barbara Fazekas de St Groth, David Gottlieb, Allison Abendroth, Emily Blyth and Barry Slobedman ()
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Lauren Stern: The University of Sydney
Helen M. McGuire: The University of Sydney
Selmir Avdic: Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
Barbara Fazekas de St Groth: The University of Sydney
David Gottlieb: Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
Allison Abendroth: The University of Sydney
Emily Blyth: Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
Barry Slobedman: The University of Sydney

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Human cytomegalovirus reactivation is a major opportunistic infection after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has a complex relationship with post-transplant immune reconstitution. Here, we use mass cytometry to define patterns of innate and adaptive immune cell reconstitution at key phases of human cytomegalovirus reactivation in the first 100 days post haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Human cytomegalovirus reactivation is associated with the development of activated, memory T-cell profiles, with faster effector-memory CD4+ T-cell recovery in patients with low-level versus high-level human cytomegalovirus DNAemia. Mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels at the initial detection of human cytomegalovirus DNAemia are significantly lower in patients who subsequently develop high-level versus low-level human cytomegalovirus reactivation. Our data describe distinct immune signatures that emerged with human cytomegalovirus reactivation after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and highlight Mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels at the first detection of reactivation as a marker that may be useful to anticipate the magnitude of human cytomegalovirus DNAemia.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29943-9

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