Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared photodetection using graphene on a scalable chalcogenide glass platform

Jordan Goldstein, Hongtao Lin, Skylar Deckoff-Jones, Marek Hempel, Ang-Yu Lu, Kathleen A. Richardson, Tomás Palacios, Jing Kong, Juejun Hu and Dirk Englund ()
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Jordan Goldstein: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Hongtao Lin: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Skylar Deckoff-Jones: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Marek Hempel: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ang-Yu Lu: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Kathleen A. Richardson: University of Central Florida
Tomás Palacios: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jing Kong: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Juejun Hu: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dirk Englund: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The development of compact and fieldable mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy devices represents a critical challenge for distributed sensing with applications from gas leak detection to environmental monitoring. Recent work has focused on mid-IR photonic integrated circuit (PIC) sensing platforms and waveguide-integrated mid-IR light sources and detectors based on semiconductors such as PbTe, black phosphorus and tellurene. However, material bandgaps and reliance on SiO2 substrates limit operation to wavelengths λ ≲ 4 μm. Here we overcome these challenges with a chalcogenide glass-on-CaF2 PIC architecture incorporating split-gate photothermoelectric graphene photodetectors. Our design extends operation to λ = 5.2 μm with a Johnson noise-limited noise-equivalent power of 1.1 nW/Hz1/2, no fall-off in photoresponse up to f = 1 MHz, and a predicted 3-dB bandwidth of f3dB > 1 GHz. This mid-IR PIC platform readily extends to longer wavelengths and opens the door to applications from distributed gas sensing and portable dual comb spectroscopy to weather-resilient free space optical communications.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31607-7

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