The protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT9 attenuates MAVS activation through arginine methylation

Xuemei Bai, Chao Sui, Feng Liu, Tian Chen, Lei Zhang, Yi Zheng, Bingyu Liu () and Chengjiang Gao ()
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Xuemei Bai: Shandong University
Chao Sui: Shandong University
Feng Liu: Shandong University
Tian Chen: Shandong University
Lei Zhang: Shandong University
Yi Zheng: Shandong University
Bingyu Liu: Shandong University
Chengjiang Gao: Shandong University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract The signaling adaptor MAVS forms prion-like aggregates to activate the innate antiviral immune response after viral infection. However, spontaneous aggregation of MAVS can lead to autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanism that prevents MAVS from spontaneous aggregation in resting cells has been enigmatic. Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 9 targets MAVS directly and catalyzes the arginine methylation of MAVS at the Arg41 and Arg43. In the resting state, this modification inhibits MAVS aggregation and autoactivation of MAVS. Upon virus infection, PRMT9 dissociates from the mitochondria, leading to the aggregation and activation of MAVS. Our study implicates a form of post-translational modification on MAVS, which can keep MAVS inactive in physiological conditions to maintain innate immune homeostasis.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32628-y

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