Identification of a cross-neutralizing antibody that targets the receptor binding site of H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses

Tingting Li, Junyu Chen, Qingbing Zheng, Wenhui Xue, Limin Zhang, Rui Rong, Sibo Zhang, Qian Wang, Minqing Hong, Yuyun Zhang, Lingyan Cui, Maozhou He, Zhen Lu, Zhenyong Zhang, Xin Chi, Jinjin Li, Yang Huang, Hong Wang, Jixian Tang, Dong Ying, Lizhi Zhou, Yingbin Wang, Hai Yu, Jun Zhang, Ying Gu (), Yixin Chen (), Shaowei Li () and Ningshao Xia ()
Additional contact information
Tingting Li: Xiamen University
Junyu Chen: Xiamen University
Qingbing Zheng: Xiamen University
Wenhui Xue: Xiamen University
Limin Zhang: Xiamen University
Rui Rong: Xiamen University
Sibo Zhang: Xiamen University
Qian Wang: Xiamen University
Minqing Hong: Xiamen University
Yuyun Zhang: Xiamen University
Lingyan Cui: Xiamen University
Maozhou He: Xiamen University
Zhen Lu: Xiamen University
Zhenyong Zhang: Xiamen University
Xin Chi: Xiamen University
Jinjin Li: Xiamen University
Yang Huang: Xiamen University
Hong Wang: Xiamen University
Jixian Tang: Xiamen University
Dong Ying: Xiamen University
Lizhi Zhou: Xiamen University
Yingbin Wang: Xiamen University
Hai Yu: Xiamen University
Jun Zhang: Xiamen University
Ying Gu: Xiamen University
Yixin Chen: Xiamen University
Shaowei Li: Xiamen University
Ningshao Xia: Xiamen University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Influenza A viruses pose a significant threat globally each year, underscoring the need for a vaccine- or antiviral-based broad-protection strategy. Here, we describe a chimeric monoclonal antibody, C12H5, that offers neutralization against seasonal and pandemic H1N1 viruses, and cross-protection against some H5N1 viruses. Notably, C12H5 mAb offers broad neutralizing activity against H1N1 and H5N1 viruses by controlling virus entry and egress, and offers protection against H1N1 and H5N1 viral challenge in vivo. Through structural analyses, we show that C12H5 engages hemagglutinin (HA), the major surface glycoprotein on influenza, at a distinct epitope overlapping the receptor binding site and covering the 140-loop. We identified eight highly conserved (~90%) residues that are essential for broad H1N1 recognition, with evidence of tolerance for Asp or Glu at position 190; this site is a molecular determinant for human or avian host-specific recognition and this tolerance endows C12H5 with cross-neutralization potential. Our results could benefit the development of antiviral drugs and the design of broad-protection influenza vaccines.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32926-5

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