Large area single crystal gold of single nanometer thickness for nanophotonics

Chenxinyu Pan, Yuanbiao Tong, Haoliang Qian, Alexey V. Krasavin, Jialin Li, Jiajie Zhu, Yiyun Zhang, Bowen Cui, Zhiyong Li, Chenming Wu, Lufang Liu, Linjun Li, Xin Guo, Anatoly V. Zayats (), Limin Tong () and Pan Wang ()
Additional contact information
Chenxinyu Pan: Zhejiang University
Yuanbiao Tong: Zhejiang University
Haoliang Qian: Zhejiang University
Alexey V. Krasavin: King’s College London
Jialin Li: Zhejiang University
Jiajie Zhu: Zhejiang University
Yiyun Zhang: Zhejiang University
Bowen Cui: Zhejiang University
Zhiyong Li: Zhejiang University
Chenming Wu: Zhejiang University
Lufang Liu: Zhejiang University
Linjun Li: Zhejiang University
Xin Guo: Zhejiang University
Anatoly V. Zayats: King’s College London
Limin Tong: Zhejiang University
Pan Wang: Zhejiang University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional single crystal metals, in which the behavior of highly confined optical modes is intertwined with quantum phenomena, are highly sought after for next-generation technologies. Here, we report large area (>104 μm2), single crystal two-dimensional gold flakes (2DGFs) with thicknesses down to a single nanometer level, employing an atomic-level precision chemical etching approach. The decrease of the thickness down to such scales leads to the quantization of the electronic states, endowing 2DGFs with quantum-confinement-augmented optical nonlinearity, particularly leading to more than two orders of magnitude enhancement in harmonic generation compared with their thick polycrystalline counterparts. The nanometer-scale thickness and single crystal quality makes 2DGFs a promising platform for realizing plasmonic nanostructures with nanoscale optical confinement. This is demonstrated by patterning 2DGFs into nanoribbon arrays, exhibiting strongly confined near infrared plasmonic resonances with high quality factors. The developed 2DGFs provide an emerging platform for nanophotonic research and open up opportunities for applications in ultrathin plasmonic, optoelectronic and quantum devices.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47133-7

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