Identifying critical features of iron phosphate particle for lithium preference

Gangbin Yan, Jialiang Wei, Emory Apodaca, Suin Choi, Peter J. Eng, Joanne E. Stubbs, Yu Han, Siqi Zou, Mrinal K. Bera, Ronghui Wu, Evguenia Karapetrova, Hua Zhou, Wei Chen and Chong Liu ()
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Gangbin Yan: University of Chicago
Jialiang Wei: Illinois Institute of Technology
Emory Apodaca: University of Chicago
Suin Choi: University of Chicago
Peter J. Eng: University of Chicago
Joanne E. Stubbs: University of Chicago
Yu Han: University of Chicago
Siqi Zou: University of Chicago
Mrinal K. Bera: University of Chicago
Ronghui Wu: University of Chicago
Evguenia Karapetrova: Argonne National Laboratory
Hua Zhou: Argonne National Laboratory
Wei Chen: Illinois Institute of Technology
Chong Liu: University of Chicago

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract One-dimensional (1D) olivine iron phosphate (FePO4) is widely proposed for electrochemical lithium (Li) extraction from dilute water sources, however, significant variations in Li selectivity were observed for particles with different physical attributes. Understanding how particle features influence Li and sodium (Na) co-intercalation is crucial for system design and enhancing Li selectivity. Here, we investigate a series of FePO4 particles with various features and revealed the importance of harnessing kinetic and chemo-mechanical barrier difference between lithiation and sodiation to promote selectivity. The thermodynamic preference of FePO4 provides baseline of selectivity while the particle features are critical to induce different kinetic pathways and barriers, resulting in different Li to Na selectivity from 6.2 × 102 to 2.3 × 104. Importantly, we categorize the FePO4 particles into two groups based on their distinctly paired phase evolutions upon lithiation and sodiation, and generate quantitative correlation maps among Li preference, morphological features, and electrochemical properties. By selecting FePO4 particles with specific features, we demonstrate fast (636 mA/g) Li extraction from a high Li source (1: 100 Li to Na) with (96.6 ± 0.2)% purity, and high selectivity (2.3 × 104) from a low Li source (1: 1000 Li to Na) with (95.8 ± 0.3)% purity in a single step.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49191-3

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