Diameter-dependent phase selectivity in 1D-confined tungsten phosphides

Gangtae Jin, Christian D. Multunas, James L. Hart, Mehrdad T. Kiani, Nghiep Khoan Duong, Quynh P. Sam, Han Wang, Yeryun Cheon, David J. Hynek, Hyeuk Jin Han (), Ravishankar Sundararaman () and Judy J. Cha ()
Additional contact information
Gangtae Jin: Gachon University
Christian D. Multunas: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
James L. Hart: Cornell University
Mehrdad T. Kiani: Cornell University
Nghiep Khoan Duong: Cornell University
Quynh P. Sam: Cornell University
Han Wang: Cornell University
Yeryun Cheon: Cornell University
David J. Hynek: Yale University
Hyeuk Jin Han: Sungshin Women’s University
Ravishankar Sundararaman: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Judy J. Cha: Cornell University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Topological materials confined in 1D can transform computing technologies, such as 1D topological semimetals for nanoscale interconnects and 1D topological superconductors for fault-tolerant quantum computing. As such, understanding crystallization of 1D-confined topological materials is critical. Here, we demonstrate 1D template-assisted nanowire synthesis where we observe diameter-dependent phase selectivity for tungsten phosphides. A phase bifurcation occurs to produce tungsten monophosphide and tungsten diphosphide at the cross-over nanowire diameter regime of 35–70 nm. Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to identify the two phases and to map crystallographic orientations of grains at a few nm resolution. The 1D-confined phase selectivity is attributed to the minimization of the total surface energy, which depends on the nanowire diameter and chemical potentials of precursors. Theoretical calculations are carried out to construct the diameter-dependent phase diagram, which agrees with experimental observations. Our findings suggest a crystallization route to stabilize topological materials confined in 1D.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50323-y

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