Gradient and curl optical torques

Xiaohao Xu (), Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas, Yuan Zhou, Yanan Zhang, Manman Li, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, Shaohui Yan () and Baoli Yao ()
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Xiaohao Xu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas: Campus de Cantoblanco
Yuan Zhou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yanan Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Manman Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fortuño: King’s College London
Shaohui Yan: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Baoli Yao: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Optical forces and torques offer the route towards full degree-of-freedom manipulation of matter. Exploiting structured light has led to the discovery of gradient and curl forces, and nontrivial optomechanical manifestations, such as negative and lateral optical forces. Here, we uncover the existence of two fundamental torque components, which originate from the reactive helicity gradient and momentum curl of light, and which represent the rotational analogues to the gradient and curl forces, respectively. Based on the two components, we introduce and demonstrate the concept of lateral optical torques, which act transversely to the spin of illumination. The orbital angular momentum of vortex beams is shown to couple to the curl torque, promising a path to extreme torque enhancement or achieving negative optical torques. These results highlight the intersection between the areas of structured light, Mie-tronics and rotational optomechanics, even inspiring new paths of manipulation in acoustics and hydrodynamics.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50440-8

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