Iodine-induced self-depassivation strategy to improve reversible kinetics in Na-Cl2 battery

Wenting Feng, Xinru Wei, Jianhang Yang, Chenyu Ma, Yiming Sun, Junwei Han, Debin Kong () and Linjie Zhi ()
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Wenting Feng: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Xinru Wei: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Jianhang Yang: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Chenyu Ma: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Yiming Sun: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Junwei Han: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Debin Kong: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Linjie Zhi: China University of Petroleum (East China)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Rechargeable sodium-chlorine (Na-Cl2) batteries show high theoretical specific energy density and excellent adaptability for extreme environmental applications. However, the reported cycle life is mostly less than 500 cycles, and the understanding of battery failure mechanisms is quite limited. In this work, we demonstrate that the substantially increased voltage polarization plays a critical role in the battery failure. Typically, the passivation on the porous cathode caused by the deposition of insulated sodium chloride (NaCl) is a crucial factor, significantly influencing the three-phase chlorine (NaCl/Na+, Cl-/Cl2) conversion kinetics. Here, a self-depassivation strategy enabled by iodine anion (I-)-tuned NaCl deposition was implemented to enhance the chlorine reversibility. The nucleation and growth of NaCl crystals are well balanced through strong coordination of the NaI deposition-dissolution process, achieving depassivation on the cathode and improving the reoxidation efficiency of solid NaCl. Consequently, the resultant Na-Cl2 battery delivers a super-long cycle life up to 2000 cycles.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51033-1

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