Controlling photothermoelectric directional photocurrents in graphene with over 400 GHz bandwidth

Stefan M. Koepfli (), Michael Baumann, Robin Gadola, Shadi Nashashibi, Yesim Koyaz, Daniel Rieben, Arif Can Güngör, Michael Doderer, Killian Keller, Yuriy Fedoryshyn and Juerg Leuthold ()
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Stefan M. Koepfli: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Michael Baumann: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Robin Gadola: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Shadi Nashashibi: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Yesim Koyaz: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Daniel Rieben: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Arif Can Güngör: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Michael Doderer: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Killian Keller: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Yuriy Fedoryshyn: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)
Juerg Leuthold: Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Photodetection in the near- and mid-infrared spectrum requires a suitable absorbing material able to meet the respective targets while ideally being cost-effective. Graphene, with its extraordinary optoelectronic properties, could provide a material basis simultaneously serving both regimes. The zero-band gap offers almost wavelength independent absorption which lead to photodetectors operating in the infrared spectrum. However, to keep noise low, a detection mechanism with fast and zero bias operation would be needed. Here, we show a self-powered graphene photodetector with a > 400 GHz frequency response. The device combines a metamaterial perfect absorber architecture with graphene, where asymmetric resonators induce photothermoelectric directional photocurrents within the graphene channel. A quasi-instantaneous response linked to the photothermoelectric effect is found. Typical drift/diffusion times optimization are not needed for a high-speed response. Our results demonstrate that these photothermoelectric directional photocurrents have the potential to outperform the bandwidth of many other graphene photodetectors and most conventional technologies.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51599-w

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