Unlocking multi-photon excited luminescence in pyrazolate trinuclear gold clusters for dynamic cell imaging

Yu-Xin Chen, Haidong Yu, Lihua Wu, Yuan-Jun Tong, Jianqiao Xu, Huan Pang, Chao Wu (), Tian Tian () and Gangfeng Ouyang ()
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Yu-Xin Chen: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University
Haidong Yu: Sun Yat-sen University
Lihua Wu: Sun Yat-sen University
Yuan-Jun Tong: Southwest Jiaotong University
Jianqiao Xu: Sun Yat-sen University
Huan Pang: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University
Chao Wu: Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology
Tian Tian: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University
Gangfeng Ouyang: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract The family of coinage-metal-based cyclic trinuclear complexes exhibits abundant photophysical properties, promising for diverse applications. However, their utility in biochemistry is often hindered by large particle size and strong hydrophobicity. Meanwhile, the investigation into multi-photon excited luminescence within this family remained undocumented, limiting their potential in bio-imaging. Herein, we unveil the multi-photon excited luminescent properties of pyrazolate-based trinuclear gold(I) clusters, facilitated by excimeric gold(I)···gold(I) interactions, revealing a nonlinear optical phenomenon within this family. Furthermore, to address issues of poor biocompatibility, we employ electrospinning coupled with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as the matrix to fabricate a flexible, durable, transparent, and red emissive film with a photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 88.3%. This strategy not only produces the film with sufficient hydrophilicity and stability, but also achieves the downsizing of trinuclear gold(I) clusters from microscale to nanoscale. Following the instantaneous dissolution of the film in the media, the released trinuclear gold(I) nanoparticles have illuminated cells and bacteria through a real-time, non-toxic, multi-photon bio-imaging approach. This achievement offers a fresh approach for utilizing coinage-metal-based cyclic trinuclear complexes in biochemical fields.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51753-4

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