Mycobacterium tuberculosis cough aerosol culture status associates with host characteristics and inflammatory profiles

Videlis Nduba, Lilian N. Njagi, Wilfred Murithi, Zipporah Mwongera, Jodi Byers, Gisella Logioia, Glenna Peterson, R. Max Segnitz, Kevin Fennelly, Thomas R. Hawn and David J. Horne ()
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Videlis Nduba: Kenya Medical Research Institute
Lilian N. Njagi: Kenya Medical Research Institute
Wilfred Murithi: Kenya Medical Research Institute
Zipporah Mwongera: Kenya Medical Research Institute
Jodi Byers: University of Washington
Gisella Logioia: University of Washington
Glenna Peterson: University of Washington
R. Max Segnitz: University of Washington
Kevin Fennelly: National Institutes of Health
Thomas R. Hawn: University of Washington
David J. Horne: University of Washington

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Interrupting transmission events is critical to tuberculosis control. Cough-generated aerosol cultures predict tuberculosis transmission better than microbiological or clinical markers. We hypothesize that highly infectious individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (positive for cough aerosol cultures) have elevated inflammatory markers and unique transcriptional profiles compared to less infectious individuals. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study using cough aerosol sampling system. We enrolled 142 participants with treatment-naïve pulmonary tuberculosis in Kenya and assessed the association of clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic characteristics with Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosolization and transmission in 129 household members. Contacts of the forty-three aerosol culture-positive participants (30%) are more likely to have a positive interferon-gamma release assay (85% vs 53%, P = 0.006) and higher median IFNγ level (P

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52122-x

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