Orbital torque switching in perpendicularly magnetized materials

Yuhe Yang, Ping Wang, Jiali Chen, Delin Zhang (), Chang Pan, Shuai Hu, Ting Wang, Wensi Yue, Cheng Chen, Wei Jiang (), Lujun Zhu, Xuepeng Qiu, Yugui Yao, Yue Li, Wenhong Wang and Yong Jiang ()
Additional contact information
Yuhe Yang: Tiangong University
Ping Wang: Tiangong University
Jiali Chen: Beijing Institute of Technology
Delin Zhang: Tiangong University
Chang Pan: Tongji University
Shuai Hu: Tiangong University
Ting Wang: Tiangong University
Wensi Yue: Tiangong University
Cheng Chen: Tiangong University
Wei Jiang: Beijing Institute of Technology
Lujun Zhu: Shaanxi Normal University
Xuepeng Qiu: Tongji University
Yugui Yao: Beijing Institute of Technology
Yue Li: Tiangong University
Wenhong Wang: Tiangong University
Yong Jiang: Tiangong University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The orbital Hall effect in light materials has attracted considerable attention for developing orbitronic devices. Here we investigate the orbital torque efficiency and demonstrate the switching of the perpendicularly magnetized materials through the orbital Hall material, i.e., Zr. The orbital torque efficiency of approximately 0.78 is achieved in the Zr orbital Hall material with the perpendicularly magnetized [Co/Pt]3 sample, which significantly surpasses that of the perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB sample (approximately 0.04). Such a notable difference is attributed to the different spin-orbit correlation strength between the [Co/Pt]3 sample and the CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB sample, confirmed through theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the full magnetization switching of the [Co/Pt]3 samples with a switching current density of approximately 2.6×106 A/cm2 has been realized through Zr, which even outperforms that of the W spin Hall material. Our finding provides a guideline to understand orbital torque efficiency and paves the way for developing energy-efficient orbitronic devices.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52824-2

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