Supercritical mechano-exfoliation process

Hao Zhang, Qixuan Xiang, Zhiyuan Liu, Xianglong Zhang, Yaping Zhao () and Huijun Tan ()
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Hao Zhang: 800 Dong Chuan Road
Qixuan Xiang: 800 Dong Chuan Road
Zhiyuan Liu: 800 Dong Chuan Road
Xianglong Zhang: 800 Dong Chuan Road
Yaping Zhao: 800 Dong Chuan Road
Huijun Tan: 800 Dong Chuan Road

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The intricate balance among cost, output, and quality has substantially hindered the practical application of graphene within the downstream industry chain. Here we present a scalable and green supercritical CO2-assisted mechano-exfoliation (SCME) process that omits the use of organic solvents and oxidants throughout the production lifecycle, including exfoliation, separation, and purification. The SCME process achieves graphene powder space-time yields exceeding 40 kg/(m³·day) at laboratory (0.06–0.2 kg) and pilot scales ( > 4 kg), with resultant free-standing films showing conductivities up to 5.26 × 10⁵ S/m. Further kinetic investigations propose general guidelines for grinding-assisted exfoliation: (1) the macroscopic optimizing ability of mechanotechnics for mass transfer frequency and stress distribution and (2) the microscopic multiplication ability of exfoliation medium for shear-delamination. The comprehensive techno-economic analysis also underscores the economic viability of the SCME process for large-scale production.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53810-4

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