Super-saturated complementary carbon nanotube transistors with intrinsic gain singularities

Guanhua Long, Yuru Wang, Tianshun Bai, Wangchang Li, Panpan Zhang, Xiaosong Deng, Xiang Cai, Meiqi Xi, Yanxia Lin, Xiaohan Cheng, Chenwei Fan, Fan Xia, Xiao Luo, Zhishuai Zhang, Xuelei Liang, Zhiyong Zhang, Nan Sun, Lian-Mao Peng () and Youfan Hu ()
Additional contact information
Guanhua Long: Peking University
Yuru Wang: Peking University
Tianshun Bai: Peking University
Wangchang Li: Peking University
Panpan Zhang: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Xiaosong Deng: Peking University
Xiang Cai: Peking University
Meiqi Xi: Peking University
Yanxia Lin: Peking University
Xiaohan Cheng: Peking University
Chenwei Fan: Peking University
Fan Xia: Peking University
Xiao Luo: Peking University
Zhishuai Zhang: Tsinghua University
Xuelei Liang: Peking University
Zhiyong Zhang: Peking University
Nan Sun: Tsinghua University
Lian-Mao Peng: Peking University
Youfan Hu: Peking University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Digital-driven scaling poses significant problems to analog circuits because scaling severely deteriorates transistor current saturation, significantly degrading the intrinsic gain. Special material properties of emerging low-dimensional semiconductors trigger the possibility of providing solutions. We report complementary carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with negative differential resistance-induced current super-saturation for high, exponentially variable intrinsic gain with immunity against degradation during scaling. Current super-saturation at the negative-to-positive differential resistance transition boundary provides intrinsic gain singularities. The large-window, gate-modulated negative differential resistance behavior derived from carbon nanotube’s characteristics enables its practical utilization in circuits. When approaching the singularity, we record that the intrinsic gain varies by orders of magnitude, ranging from 102 to 106 at different operation points. We further demonstrate high and exponentially variable gain in an operational amplifier, showing a tunable single-stage gain ranging from 35 to 60 decibels.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58399-w

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