Magnetic skyrmionic structures with variable topological charges in engineered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction systems

Heng Niu, Han Gyu Yoon, Hee Young Kwon, Zhiyuan Cheng, Siqi Fu, Hongying Zhu, Bingfeng Miao, Liang Sun, Yizheng Wu, Andreas K. Schmid, Kai Liu, Changyeon Won, Haifeng Ding () and Gong Chen ()
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Heng Niu: Nanjing University
Han Gyu Yoon: Kyung Hee University
Hee Young Kwon: Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Zhiyuan Cheng: Nanjing University
Siqi Fu: Nanjing University
Hongying Zhu: Nanjing University
Bingfeng Miao: Nanjing University
Liang Sun: Nanjing University
Yizheng Wu: Fudan University
Andreas K. Schmid: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Kai Liu: Georgetown University
Changyeon Won: Kyung Hee University
Haifeng Ding: Nanjing University
Gong Chen: Nanjing University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Magnetic skyrmionic structures, including magnetic skyrmions and antiskyrmions, are characterized by swirling spin textures with non-trivial topologies. They are featured with specific topological charges, Q, which are of crucial importance in determining their topological properties. Owing to the invariance of the chiral nature, it is generally believed that Q is conserved in a given magnetic skyrmionic structure and is hard to alter. Here, we experimentally realize the control of Q of magnetic skyrmionic structures at room temperature in a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) platform with spatially alternating signs. Depending on how many times it crosses the interfaces between DMI regions with opposite signs, the magnetic skyrmionic structures possess different Q. Modifying the DMI energy landscape through chemisorbed oxygen, a magnetic topological transition is realized. This creation and manipulation of magnetic skyrmionic structures with controllable Q, in particular the DMI-stabilized thin-film antiskyrmions and high-Q skyrmionic structures, enables a new degree of freedom to control their dynamics via a novel DMI confinement effect. Our findings open up an unexplored avenue on various topological magnetic skyrmionic structures and their potential applications.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58529-4

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