Mapping in situ the assembly and dynamics in aqueous supramolecular polymers

Huachuan Du, Ruomeng Qiu, Xianwen Lou, Stef A. H. Jansen, Hiroaki Sai, Yuyang Wang, Albert J. Markvoort, E. W. Meijer () and Samuel I. Stupp ()
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Huachuan Du: Northwestern University
Ruomeng Qiu: Northwestern University
Xianwen Lou: Eindhoven University of Technology
Stef A. H. Jansen: Eindhoven University of Technology
Hiroaki Sai: Northwestern University
Yuyang Wang: Eindhoven University of Technology
Albert J. Markvoort: Eindhoven University of Technology
E. W. Meijer: Eindhoven University of Technology
Samuel I. Stupp: Northwestern University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Supramolecular polymers, bonded through directional non-covalent interactions, closely mimic dynamic behaviors of biological nanofibers. However, the complexity of assembly pathways makes it highly challenging to unravel the nature of supramolecular dynamics in aqueous environments. Here we introduce a precise combinatorial titration methodology to probe in situ the assembly of peptide amphiphiles (PAs). This approach reveals a binary assembly mechanism governed by equilibrium between spheroidal micelles and β-sheet polymers. Weakening hydrogen bonding shifts the equilibrium towards micelles and decreases the internal structural order of filamentous polymers, promoting supramolecular dynamics. Extending this methodology to two-component copolymerization systems, we find a surprising tendency to form blocky nanostructures with reduced internal phase separation as the mismatch in peptide sequence decreases. Interestingly, while well-mixed copolymers acquire different dynamics, mismatched ones retain the characteristic supramolecular motion of their homopolymer counterparts. These critical insights into supramolecular dynamics offer strategies to tailor the dynamic functions of supramolecular nanomaterials.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60138-0

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