X-ray parametric down-conversion reveals EUV-polariton

Dietrich Krebs (), Fridtjof Kerker, Xenia Brockmüller, Christoph J. Sahle, Blanka Detlefs, Simo Huotari, Nina Rohringer and Christina Bömer ()
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Dietrich Krebs: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
Fridtjof Kerker: The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging
Xenia Brockmüller: Universität Hamburg
Christoph J. Sahle: ESRF, The European Synchrotron
Blanka Detlefs: ESRF, The European Synchrotron
Simo Huotari: University of Helsinki
Nina Rohringer: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
Christina Bömer: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (PDC) of photons is a gateway into the quantum realm – thoroughly studied in nonlinear optics and ubiquitously used to generate non-classical states of light. Extending PDC from the visible regime towards shorter wavelengths further enables microscopic resolution of electronic structure and quantum-enhanced X-ray detection, but remained challenging due to the process’ inherently low conversion rate. Here, we resolve the full signal cone of non-degenerate down-conversion at X-ray wavelengths and identify imprints of a polariton in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime. We confirm our finding of the EUV-polariton with theoretical simulations and establish that our approach directly images the characteristic anti-crossing of polaritonic dispersion branches. This insight could open a pathway to explore strong-coupling phenomena of EUV-light-matter interaction.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60845-8

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