Microneedle-based integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation platform for personalized medicine

Jian Yang, Xia Gong, Ying Zheng, Hong Duan, Shuijin Chen, Tong Wu, Changqing Yi (), Lelun Jiang () and Hossam Haick ()
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Jian Yang: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Xia Gong: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Ying Zheng: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Hong Duan: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Shuijin Chen: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Tong Wu: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Changqing Yi: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Lelun Jiang: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University
Hossam Haick: Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Precision and personalized medicine for disease management necessitates real-time, continuous monitoring of biomarkers and therapeutic drugs to adjust treatment regimens based on individual patient responses. This study introduces a wearable Microneedle-based Continuous Biomarker/Drug Monitoring (MCBM) system, designed for the simultaneous, in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation for diabetes. Utilizing a dual-sensor microneedle and a layer-by-layer nanoenzyme immobilization strategy, the MCBM system achieves high sensitivity and specificity in measuring glucose and metformin concentrations in skin interstitial fluid (ISF). Seamless integration with a smartphone application enables real-time data analysis and feedback, fostering a pharmacologically informed approach to diabetes management. The MCBM system’s validation and in vivo trials demonstrate its precise monitoring of glucose and metformin, offering a tool for personalized treatment adjustments. Its proven biocompatibility and safety suit long-term usage. This system advances personalized diabetes care, highlighting the move towards wearables that adjust drug dosages in real-time, enhancing precision and personalized medicine.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61549-9

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