Effervescence in a binary mixture with nonlinear non-reciprocal interactions

Suropriya Saha () and Ramin Golestanian ()
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Suropriya Saha: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS)
Ramin Golestanian: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS)

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Non-reciprocal interactions between scalar fields that represent the concentrations of two active species are known to break the parity and time-reversal (PT) symmetries of the equilibrium state, as manifested in the emergence of travelling waves. We explore the notion of nonlinear non-reciprocity and consider a model in which the non-reciprocal interactions can depend on the local values of the scalar fields in such a way that the non-reciprocity can change sign. For generic cases where such couplings exist, we observe the emergence of spatiotemporal chaos in the steady-state. We associate this chaotic behaviour with a local restoration of PT symmetry in fluctuating spatial domains, which leads to the coexistence of oscillating densities and phase-separated droplets that are spontaneously created and annihilated. We uncover that this phenomenon, which we denote as effervescence, can exist as a dynamical steady-state in large parts of the parameter space in two different incarnations, as characterised by the presence or absence of an accompanying travelling wave.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61728-8

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