Evidence accumulation in the pre-supplementary motor area and insula drives confidence and changes of mind

Dorian Goueytes (), François Stockart, Alexis Robin, Lucien Gyger, Martin Rouy, Dominique Hoffmann, Lorella Minotti, Philippe Kahane, Michael Pereira and Nathan Faivre
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Dorian Goueytes: Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS LPNC
François Stockart: Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS LPNC
Alexis Robin: Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences GIN
Lucien Gyger: Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS LPNC
Martin Rouy: Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS LPNC
Dominique Hoffmann: Grenoble Hospital
Lorella Minotti: Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences GIN
Philippe Kahane: Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences GIN
Michael Pereira: Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences GIN
Nathan Faivre: Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS LPNC

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Evidence accumulation is a powerful mechanism to explain the temporal dynamics of decisions, as well as their metacognitive components such as confidence judgments and changes of mind. However, it is still unclear how and where in the brain evidence accumulation leads to these two metacognitive components. We report intracranial high-gamma activity in patients with epilepsy recorded while they perform a visual discrimination task and estimate their confidence level. Our results indicate an anatomical overlap between the neural correlates of evidence accumulation, confidence, and changes of mind in the pre-supplementary motor area, as well as in the orbitofrontal, inferior frontal, and insular cortices. Behavioural and electrophysiological results are reproduced with a post-decisional evidence accumulation model, and the temporal dynamics of decision-making is characterized with mouse-tracking and intracranial electrophysiology. We conclude that confidence and changes of mind result from evidence accumulation, instantiated before the decision in the pre-supplementary motor area, and after the decision in the insula.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61744-8

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