A wireless optogenetic stimulation system for long-term function evaluation of mice forelimb with sub-nerve resolution

Mingjie Zhou, Biao Yan, Fukui Yang, Chuxiang Chen, Fei Wang, Chenpei Xu, Tingzheng Jiang, Kexin Li, Yuanting Xie, Hao Zheng, Chengyang Wang, Jiayi Zhang () and Su Jiang ()
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Mingjie Zhou: Fudan University
Biao Yan: Fudan University
Fukui Yang: University College London
Chuxiang Chen: Fudan University
Fei Wang: Fudan University
Chenpei Xu: Fudan University
Tingzheng Jiang: Fudan University
Kexin Li: Fudan University
Yuanting Xie: Fudan University
Hao Zheng: Fudan University
Chengyang Wang: MicroPort Neuronical MedTech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.
Jiayi Zhang: Fudan University
Su Jiang: Fudan University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Peripheral nerve transfer is an effective surgical method in restoring motor functions of upper limb after peripheral nerve injuries. However, the outcome of individual function recovery is less predictable. It is crucial to access the long-term evaluation of function improvement. Here, we developed a fully implantable multisite optogenetic stimulation system, which is tailored for wireless, reprogrammable and long-term function evaluation of peripheral nerve plexus with sub nerve resolution. In Thy1-ChR2-EYFP mice, our system induced distinct compound muscle action potentials and forelimb movements when illuminating different nerve fascicles. Furthermore, we applied the system on a nerve transfer mice model after traumatic brain injury and discovered innervation pattern of the transferred and adjacent nerves to multiple muscles consecutively within 12 weeks after surgery. Our system enabled refined evaluation of electrophysiological and motor functions of peripheral nerve plexus, shining light upon personalized diagnosis and treatment after nerve injuries or surgeries.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63746-y

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