Arabidopsis response to the apocarotenoid zaxinone involves interference with strigolactone signaling via binding to DWARF14

Juan C. Moreno, Umar F. Shahul Hameed, Aparna Balakrishna, Abdugaffor Ablazov, Kit Xi Liew, Muhammad Jamil, Jianing Mi, Kawthar Alashoor, Alexandre de Saint Germain, Stefan T. Arold () and Salim Al-Babili ()
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Juan C. Moreno: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Umar F. Shahul Hameed: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Aparna Balakrishna: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Abdugaffor Ablazov: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Kit Xi Liew: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Muhammad Jamil: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Jianing Mi: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Kawthar Alashoor: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Alexandre de Saint Germain: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB)
Stefan T. Arold: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Salim Al-Babili: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The natural growth regulator zaxinone increases the levels of the phytohormones strigolactone (SL) and abscisic acid in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) via unknown mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that part of the effect of zaxinone in Arabidopsis depend on the SL receptor DWARF14 (AtD14) and the F-Box protein MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING2 (AtMAX2) that mediate the signaling of SLs and karrikins. Binding assays and co-crystallization reveal zaxinone as an additional ligand of AtD14 and an SL antagonist that interrupts the interaction of AtD14 with AtMAX2. Zaxinone also binds to the karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (AtKAI2). These findings unveil a perception mechanism for zaxinone in Arabidopsis and demonstrate the capability of AtD14 to bind signaling molecules, other than strigolactones and mediate their transduction.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63845-w

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