Tunable unconventional spin orbit torque magnetization dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures

Lalit Pandey (), Bing Zhao, Karma Tenzin, Roselle Ngaloy, Veronika Lamparská, Himanshu Bangar, Aya Ali, Mahmoud Abdel-Hafiez, Gaojie Zhang, Hao Wu, Haixin Chang, Lars Sjöström, Prasanna Rout, Jagoda Sławińska and Saroj P. Dash ()
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Lalit Pandey: Chalmers University of Technology
Bing Zhao: Chalmers University of Technology
Karma Tenzin: University of Groningen
Roselle Ngaloy: Chalmers University of Technology
Veronika Lamparská: University of Groningen
Himanshu Bangar: Chalmers University of Technology
Aya Ali: University of Sharjah
Mahmoud Abdel-Hafiez: University of Sharjah
Gaojie Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Hao Wu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Haixin Chang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Lars Sjöström: Chalmers University of Technology
Prasanna Rout: Chalmers University of Technology
Jagoda Sławińska: University of Groningen
Saroj P. Dash: Chalmers University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional quantum material heterostructures can offer a promising platform for energy-efficient non-volatile spin-based technologies. However, spin dynamics experiments to understand the basic spin-orbit torque phenomena are so far lacking. Here, we demonstrate unconventional out-of-plane magnetization dynamics, and energy-efficient and field-free spin-orbit torque switching in a van der Waals heterostructure comprising out-of-plane magnet Fe3GaTe2 and topological Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4. We measured non-linear second harmonic Hall signal in TaIrTe4/Fe3GaTe2 devices to evaluate the magnetization dynamics, which is characterized by large and tunable out-of-plane damping-like torque. Energy-efficient and deterministic field-free SOT magnetization switching is achieved at room temperature with a very low current density. First-principles calculations unveil the origin of the unconventional charge-spin conversion phenomena, considering the crystal symmetry and electronic structure of TaIrTe4. These results establish that van der Waals heterostructures provide a promising route to energy-efficient, field-free, and tunable spintronic devices.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64109-3

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