Antisolvent seeding of self-assembled monolayers for flexible monolithic perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 tandem solar cells

Zhiqin Ying, Shiqian Su, Xin Li, Guoxin Chen, Chongyan Lian, Dikai Lu, Meili Zhang, Xuchao Guo, Hao Tian, Yihan Sun, Linhui Liu, Chuanxiao Xiao, Yuheng Zeng, Chao Zhang (), Xi Yang () and Jichun Ye ()
Additional contact information
Zhiqin Ying: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Shiqian Su: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Xin Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Guoxin Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Chongyan Lian: Xuancheng Kaisheng New Energy Technology Company Ltd.
Dikai Lu: Xuancheng Kaisheng New Energy Technology Company Ltd.
Meili Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Xuchao Guo: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Hao Tian: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Yihan Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Linhui Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Chuanxiao Xiao: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Yuheng Zeng: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Chao Zhang: Tianjin Institute of Power Sources
Xi Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Jichun Ye: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Nature Energy, 2025, vol. 10, issue 6, 737-749

Abstract: Abstract Flexible perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) tandem solar cells hold great promise for lightweight, high-efficiency applications, yet achieving high-quality perovskite top cells on the rough surfaces of flexible CIGS bottom cells remains challenging. Accordingly, we developed an antisolvent-seeding strategy that decouples self-assembly monolayers (SAMs) adsorption from dissolution, while integrating perovskite seeding. A high-polarity solvent prevents SAMs clustering during dissolution, while a low-polarity antisolvent promotes high-density SAMs formation during adsorption. Additionally, a pre-mixed seed layer further improves perovskite wettability, crystallinity and adhesion. These advancements enable the fabrication of a 1.09-cm2 flexible monolithic perovskite/CIGS tandem with a stabilized efficiency of 24.6% (certified 23.8%), comparable to the best-performing rigid perovskite/CIGS tandems and representing one of the highest efficiencies among flexible thin-film solar cells. The flexible devices also demonstrate excellent durability, retaining over 90% of initial performance after 320 h of operation and 3,000 bending cycles at a 1-cm radius.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-025-01760-6

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