Electrolyte additive enabled fast charging and stable cycling lithium metal batteries

Jianming Zheng, Mark H. Engelhard, Donghai Mei, Shuhong Jiao, Bryant J. Polzin, Ji-Guang Zhang () and Wu Xu ()
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Jianming Zheng: Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Mark H. Engelhard: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Donghai Mei: Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Shuhong Jiao: Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Bryant J. Polzin: Argonne National Laboratory
Ji-Guang Zhang: Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Wu Xu: Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2017, vol. 2, issue 3, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Batteries using lithium (Li) metal as anodes are considered promising energy storage systems because of their high energy densities. However, safety concerns associated with dendrite growth along with limited cycle life, especially at high charge current densities, hinder their practical uses. Here we report that an optimal amount (0.05 M) of LiPF6 as an additive in LiTFSI–LiBOB dual-salt/carbonate-solvent-based electrolytes significantly enhances the charging capability and cycling stability of Li metal batteries. In a Li metal battery using a 4-V Li-ion cathode at a moderately high loading of 1.75 mAh cm−2, a cyclability of 97.1% capacity retention after 500 cycles along with very limited increase in electrode overpotential is accomplished at a charge/discharge current density up to 1.75 mA cm−2. The fast charging and stable cycling performances are ascribed to the generation of a robust and conductive solid electrolyte interphase at the Li metal surface and stabilization of the Al cathode current collector.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.12

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