A half-wave rectified alternating current electrochemical method for uranium extraction from seawater

Chong Liu, Po-Chun Hsu, Jin Xie, Jie Zhao, Tong Wu, Haotian Wang, Wei Liu, Jinsong Zhang, Steven Chu and Yi Cui ()
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Chong Liu: Stanford University
Po-Chun Hsu: Stanford University
Jin Xie: Stanford University
Jie Zhao: Stanford University
Tong Wu: Stanford University
Haotian Wang: Stanford University
Wei Liu: Stanford University
Jinsong Zhang: Stanford University
Steven Chu: Stanford University
Yi Cui: Stanford University

Nature Energy, 2017, vol. 2, issue 4, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract In total there is hundreds of times more uranium in sea water than on land, but extracting it for use in nuclear power generation is challenging due to its low concentration (∼3 ppb) and the high salinity background. Current approaches based on sorbent materials are limited due to their surface-based physicochemical adsorption nature. Here we use a half-wave rectified alternating current electrochemical (HW-ACE) method for uranium extraction from sea water based on an amidoxime-functionalized carbon electrode. The amidoxime functionalization enables surface specific binding to uranyl ions, while the electric field can migrate the ions to the electrode and induce electrodeposition of uranium compounds, forming charge-neutral species. Extraction is not limited by the electrode surface area, and the alternating manner of the applied voltage prevents unwanted cations from blocking the active sites and avoids water splitting. The HW-ACE method achieved a ninefold higher uranium extraction capacity (1,932 mg g−1) without saturation and fourfold faster kinetics than conventional physicochemical methods using uranium-spiked sea water.

Date: 2017
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DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.7

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