A cyclic phosphate-based battery electrolyte for high voltage and safe operation

Qifeng Zheng, Yuki Yamada, Rui Shang, Seongjae Ko, Yun-Yang Lee, Kijae Kim, Eiichi Nakamura () and Atsuo Yamada ()
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Qifeng Zheng: The University of Tokyo
Yuki Yamada: The University of Tokyo
Rui Shang: The University of Tokyo
Seongjae Ko: The University of Tokyo
Yun-Yang Lee: The University of Tokyo
Kijae Kim: The University of Tokyo
Eiichi Nakamura: The University of Tokyo
Atsuo Yamada: The University of Tokyo

Nature Energy, 2020, vol. 5, issue 4, 291-298

Abstract: Abstract The traditional electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries is a combination of 1 M LiPF6 with a cyclic carbonate-based solvent (for example, ethylene carbonate). The lack of a suitable alternative solvent has hindered further exploration of new functional electrolytes. Here we design and synthesize a fluorinated cyclic phosphate solvent, 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane 2-oxide (TFEP), for use in lithium-ion batteries. Our design rationale is that this solvent molecule has a fused chemical structure of cyclic carbonates that can form a stable solid electrolyte interphase and organic phosphates that can trap hydrogen radicals and prevent combustion. An electrolyte formula composed of 0.95 M LiN(SO2F)2 in TFEP/2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate shows excellent non-flammability with zero self-extinguishing time and enables the highly stable operation of graphite anodes (~0.1 V versus lithium) and high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes (~4.7 V versus lithium), and thereby outperforms traditional electrolytes. This work opens up new frontiers in electrolyte developments towards safe lithium-ion batteries with higher energy densities.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-020-0567-z

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