Post-lithium-ion battery cell production and its compatibility with lithium-ion cell production infrastructure

Fabian Duffner (), Niklas Kronemeyer, Jens Tübke, Jens Leker, Martin Winter and Richard Schmuch ()
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Fabian Duffner: Institute of Business Administration at the Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster
Niklas Kronemeyer: Porsche Consulting GmbH
Jens Tübke: Forschungsfertigung Batteriezelle FFB, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology
Jens Leker: Institute of Business Administration at the Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster
Martin Winter: Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Richard Schmuch: MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster

Nature Energy, 2021, vol. 6, issue 2, 123-134

Abstract: Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most advanced electrochemical energy storage technology due to a favourable balance of performance and cost properties. Driven by forecasted growth of the electric vehicles market, the cell production capacity for this technology is continuously being scaled up. However, the demand for better performance, particularly higher energy densities and/or lower costs, has triggered research into post-lithium-ion technologies such as solid-state lithium metal, lithium–sulfur and lithium–air batteries as well as post-lithium technologies such as sodium-ion batteries. Currently, these technologies are being intensively studied with regard to material chemistry and cell design. In this Review, we expand on the current knowledge in this field. Starting with a market outlook and an analysis of technological differences, we discuss the manufacturing processes of these technologies. For each technology, we describe anode production, cathode production, cell assembly and conditioning. We then evaluate the manufacturing compatibility of each technology with the lithium-ion production infrastructure and discuss the implications for processing costs.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-020-00748-8

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