Direct in situ measurements of electrical properties of solid–electrolyte interphase on lithium metal anodes

Yaobin Xu, Hao Jia, Peiyuan Gao, Diego E. Galvez-Aranda, Saul Perez Beltran, Xia Cao, Phung M. L. Le, Jianfang Liu, Mark H. Engelhard, Shuang Li, Gang Ren, Jorge M. Seminario (), Perla B. Balbuena (), Ji-Guang Zhang, Wu Xu () and Chongmin Wang ()
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Yaobin Xu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Hao Jia: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Peiyuan Gao: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Diego E. Galvez-Aranda: Texas A&M University
Saul Perez Beltran: Texas A&M University
Xia Cao: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Phung M. L. Le: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jianfang Liu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Mark H. Engelhard: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Shuang Li: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Gang Ren: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jorge M. Seminario: Texas A&M University
Perla B. Balbuena: Texas A&M University
Ji-Guang Zhang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Wu Xu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Chongmin Wang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Nature Energy, 2023, vol. 8, issue 12, 1345-1354

Abstract: Abstract The solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) critically governs the performance of rechargeable batteries. An ideal SEI is expected to be electrically insulative to prevent persistently parasitic reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte and ionically conductive to facilitate Faradaic reactions of the electrode. However, the true nature of the electrical properties of the SEI remains hitherto unclear due to the lack of a direct characterization method. Here we use in situ bias transmission electron microscopy to directly measure the electrical properties of SEIs formed on copper and lithium substrates. We reveal that SEIs show a voltage-dependent differential conductance. A higher rate of differential conductance induces a thicker SEI with an intricate topographic feature, leading to an inferior Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability in Li||Cu and Li||LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cells. Our work provides insight into the targeted design of the SEI with desired characteristics towards better battery performance.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01361-1

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