Origin of fast charging in hard carbon anodes

Yuqi Li, Alexandros Vasileiadis, Quan Zhou, Yaxiang Lu (), Qingshi Meng, Yu Li, Pierfrancesco Ombrini, Jiabin Zhao, Zhao Chen, Yaoshen Niu, Xingguo Qi, Fei Xie, Remco Jagt, Swapna Ganapathy, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Hong Li, Liquan Chen, Marnix Wagemaker () and Yong-Sheng Hu ()
Additional contact information
Yuqi Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Alexandros Vasileiadis: Delft University of Technology
Quan Zhou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yaxiang Lu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qingshi Meng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yu Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Pierfrancesco Ombrini: Delft University of Technology
Jiabin Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhao Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yaoshen Niu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xingguo Qi: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fei Xie: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Remco Jagt: Delft University of Technology
Swapna Ganapathy: Delft University of Technology
Maria-Magdalena Titirici: Imperial College London
Hong Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Liquan Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Marnix Wagemaker: Delft University of Technology
Yong-Sheng Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Energy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 2, 134-142

Abstract: Abstract Transport electrification and grid storage hinge largely on fast-charging capabilities of Li- and Na-ion batteries, but anodes such as graphite with plating issues drive the scientific focus towards anodes with slopped storage potentials. Here we report fast charging of ampere-hour-level full Na-ion batteries within about 9 minutes for continuous 3,000 cycles based on hard carbon anodes. These anodes, in addition to displaying a sloped storage voltage, provide capacity at a nearly constant voltage just above the plating potential, without observing Na-metal plating under high areal capacity. Comparing the electrochemical behaviour of Li and Na in hard carbon through experimental and computational techniques, a unified storage mechanism relying on the dimensions of wedge nanopores and drawing parallels with underpotential deposition for metals is brought forward, providing a rational guide for achieving fast storage in hard carbon anodes.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01414-5

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