A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

Coles, Nicholas A.; March, David S.; Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando; Larsen, Jeff T.; Arinze, Nwadiogo C.; Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L. G.; Willis, Megan L.; Foroni, Francesco; Reggev, Niv; Mokady, Aviv; Forscher, Patrick S.; Hunter, John F.; Kaminski, Gwenaël; Yüvrük, Elif; Kapucu, Aycan; Nagy, Tamás; Hajdu, Nandor; Tejada, Julian; Freitag, Raquel M. K.; Zambrano, Danilo; Som, Bidisha; Aczel, Balazs; Barzykowski, Krystian; Adamus, Sylwia; Filip, Katarzyna; Yamada, Yuki; Ikeda, Ayumi; Eaves, Daniel L.; Levitan, Carmel A.; Leiweke, Sydney; Parzuchowski, Michal; Butcher, Natalie; Pfuhl, Gerit; Basnight-Brown, Dana M.; Hinojosa, José A.; Montoro, Pedro R.; D, Lady G. Javela; Vezirian, Kevin; IJzerman, Hans; Trujillo, Natalia; Pressman, Sarah D.; Gygax, Pascal M.; Özdoğru, Asil A.; Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana; Ellsworth, Phoebe C.; Gaertner, Lowell; Strack, Fritz; Marozzi, Marco; Liuzza, Marco Tullio

A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

Nicholas A. Coles (), David S. March, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Jeff T. Larsen, Nwadiogo C. Arinze, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Megan L. Willis, Francesco Foroni, Niv Reggev, Aviv Mokady, Patrick S. Forscher, John F. Hunter, Gwenaël Kaminski, Elif Yüvrük, Aycan Kapucu, Tamás Nagy, Nandor Hajdu, Julian Tejada, Raquel M. K. Freitag, Danilo Zambrano, Bidisha Som, Balazs Aczel, Krystian Barzykowski, Sylwia Adamus, Katarzyna Filip, Yuki Yamada, Ayumi Ikeda, Daniel L. Eaves, Carmel A. Levitan, Sydney Leiweke, Michal Parzuchowski, Natalie Butcher, Gerit Pfuhl, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, José A. Hinojosa, Pedro R. Montoro, Lady G. Javela D, Kevin Vezirian, Hans IJzerman, Natalia Trujillo, Sarah D. Pressman, Pascal M. Gygax, Asil A. Özdoğru, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Phoebe C. Ellsworth, Lowell Gaertner, Fritz Strack, Marco Marozzi and Marco Tullio Liuzza
Additional contact information
Nicholas A. Coles: Stanford University
David S. March: Florida State University
Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos: University of South Australia
Jeff T. Larsen: University of Tennessee
Nwadiogo C. Arinze: Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike
Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe: Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike
Megan L. Willis: Australian Catholic University
Francesco Foroni: Australian Catholic University
Niv Reggev: Ben-Gurion University
Aviv Mokady: Ben-Gurion University
Patrick S. Forscher: Busara Center for Behavioral Economics
John F. Hunter: Chapman University
Gwenaël Kaminski: Université de Toulouse
Elif Yüvrük: Ege University
Aycan Kapucu: Ege University
Tamás Nagy: ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
Nandor Hajdu: ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
Julian Tejada: Federal University of Sergipe
Raquel M. K. Freitag: Federal University of Sergipe
Danilo Zambrano: Fundación para el Avance de la Psicología
Bidisha Som: Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Balazs Aczel: ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
Krystian Barzykowski: Jagiellonian University
Sylwia Adamus: Jagiellonian University
Katarzyna Filip: Jagiellonian University
Yuki Yamada: Kyushu University
Ayumi Ikeda: Kyushu University
Daniel L. Eaves: Newcastle University
Carmel A. Levitan: Occidental College
Sydney Leiweke: Occidental College
Michal Parzuchowski: SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
Natalie Butcher: Teesside University
Gerit Pfuhl: UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Dana M. Basnight-Brown: United States International University—Africa
José A. Hinojosa: Universidad Complutense
Pedro R. Montoro: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)
Lady G. Javela D: Universidad del Rosario
Kevin Vezirian: Université Grenoble Alpes
Hans IJzerman: Université Grenoble Alpes
Natalia Trujillo: University of Antioquia-UDEA
Sarah D. Pressman: University of California
Pascal M. Gygax: University of Fribourg
Asil A. Özdoğru: Üsküdar University
Susana Ruiz-Fernandez: FOM University of Applied Sciences
Phoebe C. Ellsworth: University of Michigan
Lowell Gaertner: University of Tennessee
Fritz Strack: University of Würzburg
Marco Marozzi: Ca’ Foscari University of Venice
Marco Tullio Liuzza: ‘Magna Graecia’ University of Catanzaro

Nature Human Behaviour, 2022, vol. 6, issue 12, 1731-1742

Abstract: Abstract Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9

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