Social and genetic diversity in first farmers of central Europe

Pere Gelabert (), Penny Bickle, Daniela Hofmann, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Alexandra Anders, Xin Huang, Michelle Hämmerle, Iñigo Olalde, Romain Fournier, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Iosif Lazaridis, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Daniel M. Fernandes, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Elizabeth Curtis, Matthew Ferry, Denise Keating, Suzanne Freilich, Aisling Kearns, Éadaoin Harney, Ann Marie Lawson, Kirsten Mandl, Megan Michel, Victoria Oberreiter, Brina Zagorc, Jonas Oppenheimer, Susanna Sawyer, Constanze Schattke, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Swapan Mallick, Matthew Mah, Adam Micco, Franz Pieler, Juraj Pavuk, Alena Šefčáková, Catalin Lazar, Andrej Starović, Marija Djuric, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Mario Šlaus, Željka Bedić, Friederike Novotny, László D. Szabó, Orsolya Cserpák-Laczi, Tamara Hága, László Szolnoki, Zsigmond Hajdú, Pavel Mirea, Emese Gyöngyvér Nagy, Zsuzsanna M. Virág, Attila Horváth M., László András Horváth, Katalin T. Biró, László Domboróczki, Tamás Szeniczey, János Jakucs, Márta Szelekovszky, Farkas Zoltán, Sándor József Sztáncsuj, Krisztián Tóth, Piroska Csengeri, Ildikó Pap, Róbert Patay, Anđelka Putica, Branislav Vasov, Bálint Havasi, Katalin Sebők, Pál Raczky, Gabriella Lovász, Zdeněk Tvrdý, Nadin Rohland, Mario Novak, Matej Ruttkay, Maria Krošláková, Jozef Bátora, Tibor Paluch, Dušan Borić, János Dani, Martin Kuhlwilm, Pier Francesco Palamara, Tamás Hajdu, Ron Pinhasi () and David Reich ()
Additional contact information
Pere Gelabert: University of Vienna
Penny Bickle: University of York
Daniela Hofmann: University of Bergen
Maria Teschler-Nicola: University of Vienna
Alexandra Anders: Eötvös Loránd University
Xin Huang: University of Vienna
Michelle Hämmerle: University of Vienna
Iñigo Olalde: University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
Romain Fournier: University of Oxford
Harald Ringbauer: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Ali Akbari: Harvard University
Olivia Cheronet: University of Vienna
Iosif Lazaridis: Harvard University
Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht: Harvard Medical School
Daniel M. Fernandes: University of Vienna
Katharina Buttinger: University of Vienna
Kim Callan: Harvard Medical School
Francesca Candilio: Italian Ministry for Culture
Guillermo Bravo Morante: University of Vienna
Elizabeth Curtis: Harvard Medical School
Matthew Ferry: Harvard Medical School
Denise Keating: University of Vienna
Suzanne Freilich: University of Vienna
Aisling Kearns: Harvard Medical School
Éadaoin Harney: Harvard Medical School
Ann Marie Lawson: Harvard Medical School
Kirsten Mandl: University of Vienna
Megan Michel: Harvard Medical School
Victoria Oberreiter: University of Vienna
Brina Zagorc: University of Vienna
Jonas Oppenheimer: Harvard Medical School
Susanna Sawyer: University of Vienna
Constanze Schattke: University of Vienna
Kadir Toykan Özdoğan: University of Vienna
Lijun Qiu: Harvard Medical School
J. Noah Workman: Harvard Medical School
Fatma Zalzala: Harvard Medical School
Swapan Mallick: Harvard University
Matthew Mah: Harvard University
Adam Micco: Harvard University
Franz Pieler: State Collections of Lower Austria
Juraj Pavuk: Slovak Academy of Sciences
Alena Šefčáková: Slovak National Museum—Natural History Museum
Catalin Lazar: University of Bucharest
Andrej Starović: National Museum of Serbia
Marija Djuric: University of Belgrade
Maja Krznarić Škrivanko: Vinkovci Municipal Museum
Mario Šlaus: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Željka Bedić: Institute for Anthropological Research
Friederike Novotny: Natural History Museum Vienna
László D. Szabó: Déri Museum
Orsolya Cserpák-Laczi: Déri Museum
Tamara Hága: Déri Museum
László Szolnoki: Déri Museum
Zsigmond Hajdú: Déri Museum
Pavel Mirea: Teleorman County Museum
Emese Gyöngyvér Nagy: Déri Museum
Zsuzsanna M. Virág: Budapest History Museum
Attila Horváth M.: Budapest History Museum
László András Horváth: Budapest History Museum
Katalin T. Biró: Hungarian National Museum
Tamás Szeniczey: Eötvös Loránd University
János Jakucs: Institute of Archaeology
Márta Szelekovszky: Ex Voto Régészeti Kft
Farkas Zoltán: Salisbury Kft
Sándor József Sztáncsuj: Székely National Museum
Krisztián Tóth: Dornyay Béla Museum
Piroska Csengeri: Herman Ottó Museum
Ildikó Pap: Eötvös Loránd University
Róbert Patay: Ferenczy Museum Center
Anđelka Putica: Town Museum of Sombor
Branislav Vasov: Museum Unit of Public Library ‘Branko Radičević’
Bálint Havasi: Göcseji Museum
Katalin Sebők: Eötvös Loránd University
Pál Raczky: Eötvös Loránd University
Gabriella Lovász: Municipal Museum of Subotica
Zdeněk Tvrdý: Moravian Museum
Nadin Rohland: Harvard University
Mario Novak: Institute for Anthropological Research
Matej Ruttkay: Slovak Academy of Sciences
Maria Krošláková: Slovak Academy of Sciences
Jozef Bátora: Slovak Academy of Sciences
Tibor Paluch: Department of Antiquities and Museum
Dušan Borić: Sapienza University of Rome
János Dani: Déri Museum
Martin Kuhlwilm: University of Vienna
Pier Francesco Palamara: University of Oxford
Tamás Hajdu: Eötvös Loránd University
Ron Pinhasi: University of Vienna
David Reich: Harvard University

Nature Human Behaviour, 2025, vol. 9, issue 1, 53-64

Abstract: Abstract The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) Neolithic communities were the first to spread farming across large parts of Europe. We report genome-wide data for 250 individuals: 178 individuals from whole-cemetery surveys of the Alföld Linearbankeramik Culture eastern LBK site of Polgár-Ferenci-hát, the western LBK site of Nitra Horné Krškany and the western LBK settlement and massacre site of Asparn-Schletz, as well as 48 LBK individuals from 16 other sites and 24 earlier Körös and Starčevo individuals from 17 more sites. Here we show a systematically higher percentage of western hunter-gatherer ancestry in eastern than in western LBK sites, showing that these two distinct LBK groups had different genetic trajectories. We find evidence for patrilocality, with more structure across sites in the male than in the female lines and a higher rate of within-site relatives for males. At Asparn-Schletz we find almost no relatives, showing that the massacred individuals were from a large population, not a small community.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02034-z

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