How to identify win–win interventions that benefit human health and conservation

Skylar R. Hopkins (), Susanne H. Sokolow, Julia C. Buck, Giulio A. Leo, Isabel J. Jones, Laura H. Kwong, Christopher LeBoa, Andrea J. Lund, Andrew J. MacDonald, Nicole Nova, Sarah H. Olson, Alison J. Peel, Chelsea L. Wood and Kevin D. Lafferty
Additional contact information
Skylar R. Hopkins: National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
Susanne H. Sokolow: Stanford University
Julia C. Buck: University of North Carolina Wilmington
Giulio A. Leo: Stanford University
Isabel J. Jones: Stanford University
Laura H. Kwong: Stanford University
Christopher LeBoa: Stanford University
Andrea J. Lund: Stanford University
Andrew J. MacDonald: Stanford University
Nicole Nova: Stanford University
Sarah H. Olson: Health Program
Alison J. Peel: Griffith University
Chelsea L. Wood: University of Washington
Kevin D. Lafferty: c/o Marine Science Institute, University of California

Nature Sustainability, 2021, vol. 4, issue 4, 298-304

Abstract: Abstract To reach the Sustainable Development Goals, we may need to act on synergies between some targets while mediating trade-offs between other targets. But what, exactly, are synergies and trade-offs, and how are they related to other outcomes, such as ‘win–win’ solutions? Finding limited guidance in the existing literature, we developed an operational method for distinguishing win–wins from eight other possible dual outcomes (lose–lose, lose–neutral and so on). Using examples related to human health and conservation, we illustrate how interdisciplinary problem-solvers can use this framework to assess relationships among targets and compare multi-target interventions that affect people and nature.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-00640-z

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