Hybrid electrolyte enables solid-state sodium batteries sustaining 50,000 cycles

Hanwen An, Menglu Li, Qingsong Liu, Yajie Song, Biao Deng, Xingjiang Liu and Jiajun Wang ()
Additional contact information
Hanwen An: Harbin Institute of Technology
Menglu Li: Harbin Institute of Technology
Qingsong Liu: Harbin Institute of Technology
Yajie Song: Harbin Institute of Technology
Biao Deng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xingjiang Liu: Tianjin Institute of Power Sources
Jiajun Wang: Harbin Institute of Technology

Nature Sustainability, 2025, vol. 8, issue 6, 661-671

Abstract: Abstract Solid-state sodium (Na) batteries open the opportunity for more sustainable energy storage due to their safety, low cost and high energy density. Inorganic solid electrolytes show notable advantages for such technologies but suffer from poor interfacial compatibility, rendering hybrid solid–liquid electrolytes an alternative. Here we show that the interfacial failure in the hybrid electrolyte system (Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) and 1 M NaClO4 in propylene carbonate/ethylene carbonate/fluoroethylene carbonate) is closely associated with Na vacancies on the surface of NZSP. Asymmetric kinetics of solid and liquid electrolytes lead to the formation of Na vacancies and an unstable environment in the Helmholtz layer, while the organic molecules (propylene carbonate) are energetically favourable towards undesirable dehydrogenation. To eliminate the Na vacancies layer, we designed an ion-anchoring interlayer that serves to minimize the interfacial polarization. The unique O–Na coordination between the interfacial layer and NSZP confers stability to the solid–liquid interface. As demonstrated, the sodium battery with the modified hybrid electrolyte sustains 50,000 cycles with capacity retention of 86.3%. Our work provides a new path for the design of solid-state Na batteries, highlighting their potential for widespread practical applications.

Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-025-01544-6 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natsus:v:8:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1038_s41893-025-01544-6

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.nature.com/natsustain/

DOI: 10.1038/s41893-025-01544-6

Access Statistics for this article

Nature Sustainability is currently edited by Monica Contestabile

More articles in Nature Sustainability from Nature
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().