The anatomy of costs and firm performance evidence from Belgium

Jan De Loecker (), Catherine Fuss, Nathan Quiller-Doust () and Leonard Treuren ()
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Jan De Loecker: KU Leuven and CEPR.
Nathan Quiller-Doust: KU Leuven
Leonard Treuren: KU Leuven

No 469, Working Paper Research from National Bank of Belgium

Abstract: We separately observe variable input expenditure and expenditure on fixed inputs in novel firm-level data covering the Belgian manufacturing sector over the last decades. This permits a deeper investigation of two potential drivers of the globally observed widening gap between firms’ revenue and variable input expenditure: technology and market power. Across the board, cost structures have become less reliant on variable input expenditure over time, while expenditure on fixed inputs or overhead costs has increased in prominence. We relate these changes in firms’ cost structures to performance measures and document that markups and gross profit rates increase substantially as the role of variable costs in production diminishes. Profit rates net of fixed input expenditure also increase, but by substantially less than gross profit rates. Our results suggest that technological change can explain a considerable portion of the widening gap between revenue and variable input expenditure, but that markups increase by more than necessary to break even, and that this phenomenon operates remarkably similarly across different firms and industries

Keywords: Intermediate goods and services; Fixed cost; Markups; Technology. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D2 D4 L1 O14 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 58 pages
Date: 2024-10
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-com and nep-eff
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202410-469

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