Practice-Informed Accounting Research: The Role of Macroeconomic Events and Changes in Financial Reporting and Disclosure

John L. Campbell and Mark E. Evans

Foundations and Trends(R) in Accounting, 2024, vol. 18, issue 4, 268-355

Abstract: Donors to major universities have increasingly questioned the amount of money spent to produce academic research, perhaps due to its link (or lack thereof) to practice. Indeed, not all research needs to have a direct link to practice. However, using events of recent macroeconomic cycles, we show that practice-informed accounting research is a large subset of academic research that provides important evidence on the extent to which financial disclosures provide information to anticipate firm performance. Specifically, we focus on the “emergence of derivatives, the internet, and terrorism” cycle (1995–2008) and the “digitalization of information, computing power, climate, and pandemic” cycle (2009–2020). We demonstrate how these cycles led to greater scrutiny of accounting disclosures, regulatory action, and subsequent research on the effectiveness of disclosure regulation. We also provide thoughts on future trends that could drive upcoming macroeconomic cycles and subsequent research that is likely to be needed. Finally, we impart advice to current and future accounting academic researchers for how they can develop the necessary institutional knowledge to execute relevant practice-informed research while also discussing the pros and cons of doing so. Overall, we demonstrate that a subset of accounting research is intricately linked to the macroeconomy and finds that investors generally respond effectively to disclosure; however, there are instances where markets are surprised by firm performance at least partly due to ineffective disclosure, and unintended consequences resulting from regulation designed to improve disclosure.

Date: 2024
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