THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS AND GLOBAL ALLIANCES FOR SECURING CRITICAL RAW MINERAL SUPPLY CHAINS

Adrian Lucian Kanovici () and Daniel Bulin ()
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Adrian Lucian Kanovici: Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6 Piata Romana, 1st district, Bucharest, 010374, Romania
Daniel Bulin: The Institute for World Economy – Romanian Academy 13, Calea 13 Septembrie, 5th district, Bucharest

Global Economic Observer, 2025, vol. 13, issue 1, 13-22

Abstract: The global energy and digital transitions have significantly increased the demand for critical raw materials (CRMs) and exposed vulnerabilities in current supply chains. This paper investigates the geopolitical, economic, and environmental risks associated with the high concentration of CRM production and reserves in a limited number of countries and regions. The purpose of this study is to assess how international strategic partnerships can mitigate these systemic risks and ensure more secure, diversified, and sustainable access to key mineral resources. The objectives pursued include: mapping the global distribution of CRM reserves and production capacities; identifying key geopolitical and structural risks that threaten supply chain resilience; and analysing the most relevant international initiatives and bilateral or multilateral agreements aimed at cooperation on CRM. The study focuses in particular on the European Union’s strategic partnerships with countries such as Canada, Namibia, Australia, and Japan, as well as transatlantic and Indo-Pacific alliances involving the United States, Canada, Japan, and Ukraine.

Keywords: critical raw materials; supply chain; international partnerships; geopolitical and structural risks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O14 O52 P52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-06
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