Brazil’s Renewable Energy Sector and Sustainable Foreign Investment: Opportunities and Institutional Challenges

Beatrice Trocinesu (), Flavia Bogoevici (), Iulian Ion () and Andrei Ursulescu ()
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Beatrice Trocinesu: Doctoral School of Business Administration II Faculty of Business Administration in Foreign Languages (FABIZ) Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Calea Griviței nr.2-2A/ Romană Square 6, Bucharest, ROMANIA
Flavia Bogoevici: Doctoral School of Business Administration II Faculty of Business Administration in Foreign Languages (FABIZ) Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Calea Griviței nr.2-2A/ Romană Square 6, Bucharest, ROMANIA
Iulian Ion: Doctoral School of Business Administration II Faculty of Business Administration in Foreign Languages (FABIZ) Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Calea Griviței nr.2-2A/ Romană Square 6, Bucharest, ROMANIA
Andrei Ursulescu: Romanian Academy School of Advanced Studies of the Romanian Academy Doctoral School of Economic Sciences National Institute for Economic Research "Costin C. Kirițescu” Institute for World Economy, Calea 13 Septembrie 13, Bucharest, ROMANIA

Global Economic Observer, 2026, vol. 14, issue 1, 95-109

Abstract: Brazil stands as Latin America's leading economy because almost 80% of its electricity generation comes from renewable energy, including hydropower, wind, solar, and bioenergy. A geographical blessing and plenty of natural resources give the country an opportunity to become an international leader in green energy, embodying these ambitions in its National Hydrogen Plan, announced in 2021. Studies report that Brazil holds a range of energy sources and fast-growing renewable energy capacities but also suffers persistent plights of difficult bureaucracy, uncertain regulations, and environmental management-related challenges. A survey-based study in which 21 respondents, experts in the Brazilian economy, rated the attractiveness of Brazil’s renewable energy and sustainable industries for foreign direct investment. According general consensus of the respondents' opinions, the main competitive advantage for Brazil lies in its abundant natural resources, but the greatest disadvantage comes from bureaucracy. Respondents think that simplifying the administrative process and providing stable legislation will improve investment conditions. Sustainable agriculture and wind energy look to be the priority sectors for development, while international partnerships are the second supporting elements for domestic reforms. The article adds to knowledge of Brazil's renewable energy environment by weaving together stakeholder perspectives with policy and investment analyses, arguing for the necessity of institutional reforms in achieving sustainable economic objectives.

Keywords: Brazil; renewable energy; green energy; foreign direct investment; emerging market; sustainable agriculture; energy transition. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F21 O13 Q42 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-06
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