Preparing the ground for the second global stocktake (GST) of the Paris Agreement

Sirini Jeudy-Hugo and Leon Charles

No 2026/02, OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers from OECD Publishing

Abstract: The global stocktake (GST) is a periodic exercise to assess overall progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and inform efforts going forward. The first GST (GST1) concluded at COP28 in 2023 and set out signals to guide national action and international co-operation. The second GST (GST2) will begin at COP31 in 2026 and is expected to conclude at COP33 in 2028. Experience with GST1, including its impact on national and international efforts, is an important consideration. GST2 will take place in a significantly changed operating context, following the completion of the Paris Agreement’s first policy cycle and the pivot to implementation. GST2 will also face new challenges, including rising climate impacts, deepening geopolitical tensions and financial stress; while technological advances are creating new economic opportunities and momentum. Understanding these changes and how they can be managed will be important for delivering a successful GST2. This paper assesses the uptake of GST1 outcomes in national and international processes and presents lessons for GST2. It also explores how key shifts in the operating context could affect the design, conduct and impact of GST2. Finally, the paper identifies key considerations in preparing for GST2 in an age of implementation.

Keywords: BTRs; Climate change; COP31; Global stocktake; NDCs; Paris Agreement; UNFCCC (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F53 Q54 Q56 Q58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-05-28
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:oec:envaab:2026/02-en

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