Graph-Based Methods for Forecasting Realized Covariances

Chao Zhang, Xingyue Pu, Mihai Cucuringu and Xiaowen Dong

Journal of Financial Econometrics, 2025, vol. 23, issue 2, 1977-2016

Abstract: We forecast the realized covariance matrix of asset returns in the U.S. equity market by exploiting the predictive information of graphs in volatility and correlation. Specifically, we augment the Heterogeneous Autoregressive model via neighborhood aggregation on these graphs. Our proposed method allows for the modeling of interdependence in volatility (also known as spillover effect) and correlation, while maintaining parsimony and interpretability. We explore various graph construction methods, including sector membership and graphical LASSO (for modeling volatility), and line graph (for modeling correlation). The results generally suggest that the augmented model incorporating graph information yields both statistically and economically significant improvements for out-of-sample performance over the traditional models. Such improvements remain significant over horizons up to 1 month ahead, but decay in time. The robustness tests demonstrate that the forecast improvements are obtained consistently over the different out-of-sample sub-periods and are insensitive to measurement errors of volatilities.

Keywords: realized covariance; HAR; graphical LASSO; line graph; graph learning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C31 C53 C58 G17 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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