Conclusion

Jong-sung You (), Nam Hoon Kang () and Seungju Lee ()
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Jong-sung You: Yonsei University, Korea Inequality Research Lab
Nam Hoon Kang: Hanshin University
Seungju Lee: Daegu University, Department of Social Welfare

Chapter 10 in UBI from Idea to Reality, 2026, pp 241-248 from Palgrave Macmillan

Abstract: Abstract The concluding chapter summarizes the authors’ comprehensive proposal for a new income security system designed to address the intertwined crises of inequality, climate change, demographic collapse, and AI-driven labor instability. Identifying themselves as “idealistic realists,” the authors advocate for a hybrid policy package comprising Common Wealth basic income, a Negative Income Tax (NIT)-type basic income, and a universal EITC. The analysis confirms that this integrated model promotes “sustainable efficiency” and “real freedom” by eliminating the blind spots and work disincentives inherent in the current welfare state, such as marriage penalties and income reversals. Crucially, the chapter reiterates the fiscal feasibility of the proposal, demonstrating that it remains sustainable even amidst rapid population aging while ensuring that approximately 70% of citizens emerge as net beneficiaries. Furthermore, the authors address the relationship between basic income and Basic Capital, proposing a “Negative Capital Acquisitions Tax” or a “Child Trust Fund” to enhance equality of opportunity alongside income security. Regarding the policy as a “Second Equalization Reform” comparable to land reform, the chapter invites readers to join a solidarity movement to realize these ideals.

Keywords: Real freedom; Sustainable efficiency; Work disincentives; Income reversals; Fiscal feasibility; Population aging; Basic Capital; Negative Capital Acquisitions Tax; Child Trust Fund; Equality of opportunity; Second Equalization Reform; Just Energy Transition (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-26200-4_10

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