Handling modular containers in a physical internet environment

Enna Hirata, Nailah Firdausiyah () and Widha Kusumaningdyah
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Enna Hirata: Kobe University
Nailah Firdausiyah: Brawijaya University
Widha Kusumaningdyah: Brawijaya University

Maritime Economics & Logistics, 2025, vol. 27, issue 3, No 3, 449-475

Abstract: Abstract The shipping industry is currently the sixth largest source of global emissions, generating one billion tons of greenhouse gases annually. Physical Internet is a leading solution to enhance the efficiency of shipping operations and reduce CO2 emissions. In a physical internet framework, this research compares and simulates two sequencing strategies, based on the Dijkstra algorithm, designed to optimize the routing of terminal vehicles in managing modular containers at terminals. Our results indicate that the proposed method could save the total travel time of Automated Guided Vehicles by 1.2% and lead to a 0.5% reduction in global CO2 emissions if implemented in the top 100 container ports in the world. We show that the physical internet contributes positively to mitigating climate change in maritime transport, towards eventually achieving cargo neutrality. Furthermore, our proposed mathematical model provides decision aid for handling modular containers in terminals.

Keywords: Physical internet; Modular containers; Container sequencing strategies; Dijkstra algorithm; Climate change (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1057/s41278-024-00307-y

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