EU Policies
Ali M. El-Agraa
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Ali M. El-Agraa: Fukuoka University
Chapter 4 in The European Union Illuminated, 2015, pp 100-149 from Palgrave Macmillan
Abstract:
Abstract As can be seen from the number of the EU Commission’s Directorates General (DGs; Table 3.1), the EU has a wide range of policies. These policies can be classified into three main groups. The first covers areas that constitute the very foundations needed to facilitate a properly operating Single European Market (SEM). There are six such areas: (a) competition rules; (b) industrial and competitiveness policy; (c) tax harmonization; (d) transport policy; (e) energy policy; and (f) environmental policy. Industrial policy is included because variations in it would be tantamount to affording differing protection to national domestic industry. The absence of tax harmonization would have consequences equivalent to those of disparate industrial policies. Similar considerations apply to transport, energy and the environment. Of course, transport and energy are also dealt with as industries in their own right, as well as providers of social services, and the environment is treated in terms of tackling pollution and the consequent health benefits.
Keywords: Member State; Foreign Direct Investment; World Trade Organization; Common Agricultural Policy; Emission Trading System (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-137-53365-4_5
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DOI: 10.1057/9781137533654_5
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