Does earning money empower women? Evidence from India

Arohi Anand, Animesh Karn (), Avirup Mukherjee and Naboshree Bhattacharya
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Arohi Anand: Sarala Birla University
Animesh Karn: Amity University
Avirup Mukherjee: Amity University
Naboshree Bhattacharya: Amity University

Palgrave Communications, 2025, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the relationship between women’s earnings and empowerment in India, focusing on married women aged 15-49. Utilizing data from the Indian DHS (2019–21), the research employs Bayesian statistical analyses to explore how earning money influences women’s empowerment in areas like financial and bodily autonomy, marital rights, attitudes towards intimate partner violence, and peer recognition. The study reveals that while earning money enhances women’s financial and bodily autonomy, decision-making capacity, and societal recognition, it simultaneously restricts their marital rights, degrades intimate partner relations, and increases the risk of domestic violence. The findings contribute to the discourse on gender equality, offering empirical insights into the complexities of women’s empowerment in India. This research has practical implications for policymakers, NGOs, and stakeholders working towards women’s empowerment, providing a deeper understanding of the varied impact of women’s economic contributions in India’s socio-cultural context.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04592-7

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