Leveraging large language models to assist philosophical counseling: prospective techniques, value, and challenges

Bokai Chen, Weiwei Zheng, Liang Zhao () and Xiaojun Ding ()
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Bokai Chen: Wuhan University
Weiwei Zheng: Wuhan University
Liang Zhao: Wuhan University
Xiaojun Ding: Xi’an Jiaotong University

Palgrave Communications, 2025, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools with the potential to revolutionize philosophical counseling. By harnessing their advanced natural language processing and reasoning capabilities, LLMs offer innovative solutions to overcome limitations inherent in traditional counseling approaches—such as counselor scarcity, difficulties in identifying mental health issues, subjective outcome assessment, and cultural adaptation challenges. In this study, we explore cutting‐edge technical strategies—including prompt engineering, fine‐tuning, and retrieval‐augmented generation—to integrate LLMs into the counseling process. Our analysis demonstrates that LLM-assisted systems can provide counselor recommendations, streamline session evaluations, broaden service accessibility, and improve cultural adaptation. We also critically examine challenges related to user trust, data privacy, and the inherent inability of current AI systems to genuinely understand or empathize. Overall, this work presents both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the responsible development and deployment of AI-assisted philosophical counseling practices.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1057/s41599-025-04657-7

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