The Cost of Draft Animal Power in West Pakistan

Swadesh Bose and Edwin Clark
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Swadesh Bose: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics
Edwin Clark: Williams College, USA

The Pakistan Development Review, 1970, vol. 10, issue 2, 174-192

Abstract: Most of the writings on the benefits of agricultural mechanization begin with an analysis of the savings in cost which will be achieved if mechanical rather than animal power is used for certain agricultural operations. There have been some studies, mostly in India1, which have tried to measure these savings. The mechanization issue cannot, however, be judged solely on this criterion. In addition to bullock displacement, mechanization is likely to involve farm-labour displacement. As We have argued in a recent paper [2], the extent of such labour displacement and its social costs are among the basic issues which should be considered before going from bullocks to tractors.

Date: 1970
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