Clinical features and mortality risk factors in non-HIV elderly patients with cryptococcal meningitis: A retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2022

Xiaofeng Xu, Xiaohong Su, Weipeng Li, Li Xu, Dongcheng Li, Kai Dai, Junyu Liu, Jia Liu, Fuhua Peng and Ying Jiang

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2025, vol. 19, issue 9, 1-15

Abstract: Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening fungal infection with increasing incidence among non-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) elderly populations. However, data on CM in non-HIV elderly patients are limited. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features, outcomes, and prognostic factors in non-HIV elderly CM patients using the largest dataset to date. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 667 non-HIV CM patients treated between 2013 and 2022. Patients were categorized into elderly (≥60 years) and non-elderly groups. Clinical features, laboratory findings, and neuroimaging results were analyzed. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression identified prognostic factors, and multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a nomogram for predicting mortality. The model’s discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were evaluated. Results: Elderly patients accounted for 23.5% of the study population, exhibited distinct clinical characteristics, and had a significantly higher one-year all-cause mortality rate (31.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.61-38.71] vs. 13.8% [95% CI 10.77-16.81], P

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pntd00:0013521

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013521

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