Comparing a novel machine learning method to the Friedewald formula and Martin-Hopkins equation for low-density lipoprotein estimation

Gurpreet Singh, Yasin Hussain, Zhuoran Xu, Evan Sholle, Kelly Michalak, Kristina Dolan, Benjamin C Lee, Alexander R van Rosendael, Zahra Fatima, Jessica M Peña, Peter W F Wilson, Antonio M Gotto, Leslee J Shaw, Lohendran Baskaran and Subhi J Al’Aref

PLOS ONE, 2020, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-13

Abstract: Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a target for cardiovascular prevention. Contemporary equations for LDL-C estimation have limited accuracy in certain scenarios (high triglycerides [TG], very low LDL-C). Objectives: We derived a novel method for LDL-C estimation from the standard lipid profile using a machine learning (ML) approach utilizing random forests (the Weill Cornell model). We compared its correlation to direct LDL-C with the Friedewald and Martin-Hopkins equations for LDL-C estimation. Methods: The study cohort comprised a convenience sample of standard lipid profile measurements (with the directly measured components of total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and TG) as well as chemical-based direct LDL-C performed on the same day at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine (NYP-WCM). Subsequently, an ML algorithm was used to construct a model for LDL-C estimation. Results are reported on the held-out test set, with correlation coefficients and absolute residuals used to assess model performance. Results: Between 2005 and 2019, there were 17,500 lipid profiles performed on 10,936 unique individuals (4,456 females; 40.8%) aged 1 to 103. Correlation coefficients between estimated and measured LDL-C values were 0.982 for the Weill Cornell model, compared to 0.950 for Friedewald and 0.962 for the Martin-Hopkins method. The Weill Cornell model was consistently better across subgroups stratified by LDL-C and TG values, including TG >500 and LDL-C

Date: 2020
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0239934

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239934

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