Advance zonal rectangular low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy algorithm for optimal routing in wireless sensors network

Fazia Akhtar, Ijaz Ahmed, Ahmed F Youssef, Idris H Smaili, Mohamed Mostafa Ramdan Ahmed and Ali M El-Rifaie

PLOS ONE, 2025, vol. 20, issue 5, 1-19

Abstract: In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), power consumption is a recurring issue. Compared to other modern routing approaches that aim to reduce power consumption, cluster-based forwarding algorithms have been shown to be more energy efficient. Static clustering optimization is the main emphasis of this study on energy-efficient advanced zonal rectangular low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (EE-AZR-LEACH) optimum routing, which takes a modern technique. To extend the lifespan of the cluster units and the system, we suggest using the multi-hopping approach. The proposed protocol significantly improves the network life time and energy efficiency of WSNs by optimizing static clustering and incorporating multi-hopping techniques. It can outperform existing protocols in power consumption, data transfer and stability, makes it a robust solution for large-scale and energy constrained environment. To help the Cluster Heads (CHs) with data transmission, EE-AZR-LEACH chose a Collaborator(CL) close to the central cluster. To increase the effectiveness of communication between the CHs located in the rectangular region and a central base station, these units took on the role of cluster leaders. The resilience, data transmission rate, power consumption, network endurance, and number of CHs of the system were clearly improved as a consequence. Our suggested routing system performs more effectively than AZR-LEACH, LEACH, MH-LEACH, and SEP in substantial areas. Furthermore, the proposed approach exhibits better convergence within 600 rounds when compared to AZR-LEACH, LEACH, MH-LEACH, and SEP. The findings indicate that after 1500 simulation cycles, the stability intervals for LEACH, MH-LEACH, SEP, and AZR-LEACH are 2.7%, 7.2%, 4.14%, and 5.34%, respectively. The simulation is run using MATLAB. The EE-AZR-LCH optimum routing, on the other hand, has a 6.8% survival rate. The MH-LEACH optimum routing has smaller total network tenure even if it provides a higher stability period than the EE-AZR-LEACH.

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0321938

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321938

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